indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to govern; to manage; to subdue
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear extra clothes; to dress formally
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
to surround; to crowd around
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
in that way; thus; so; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to