indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fort; fortress; stronghold; fortification
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Neath (Britain); Nice (France); Nies
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
gem; jewel; precious stone
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cancellation; liquidation; resolution; reduction (e.g. of stress)
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
another world (esp. in fiction); otherworld; parallel universe; different-dimension world; isekai
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include