indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bunch of flowers; bouquet
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift); to add to as support; to prop up; to accompany (as an aid, guide, translator, etc.); (arch.) to mimic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
since when; from when; how long
to have a talk; to tell a story
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
presumably; conceivably; in my opinion; in my view; I think (that); upon thought
to pass (by) each other; to brush past; to miss (meeting) each other; to fail to meet; to be at odds; to clash
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
from now on; in the future; hereafter; ahead of us; down the road
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
older brother; elder brother
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...