indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nation at war; militant nation
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to turn towards; to point
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
myself; yourself; I; me; you
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to