many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
each nation; many nations; many countries
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
very great; enormous; serious
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be damaged; to receive damage
revival; reconstruction; restoration; rebuilding; recovery; renaissance
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
great (quantity, amount, etc.); huge; enormous; serious
time; hour; period; class
labour; labor; effort; toil; trouble
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to need; to call for; to require
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
though; notwithstanding; although
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
war; fighting; fierce competition
relief; reassurance; recognition of right to land ownership (by the shogunate, a feudal lord, etc.); (arch.) living safely surrounded by walls
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
disastrous scene; terrible spectacle
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to get dark; to grow dark; to end (of a day, year, season, etc.); to come to an end; to be sunk in (e.g. despair); to be lost in (e.g. thought)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to disappear into; to be lost in; to do something under the cover of (confusion, etc.); to be almost indistinguishable; to be confusingly similar; to be diverted from (negative emotions, etc.)