indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
two (long cylindrical things)
to cross; to intersect; to associate with; to mingle with; to have a sexual relationship; to copulate
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
central part; heart (of a city)
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
periodic; regular; routine
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
at first; in the beginning; originally
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
miscellaneous goods; general goods; sundries
arms; weapons (of war); armor; armour
such ... as; or some such
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
street stall; stand; booth
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
crowded; packed; crammed; cramped; filled; overflowing