indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
promotion; raising of status
commemoration; celebration; honoring the memory of something; turning something into a memento; memory
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
proposal; proposition; suggestion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
swimming area (in the ocean); swimming beach; seawater baths
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(jumping) nimbly; light-footed; boing; used at sentence end to affect cuteness
to jump; to leap; to break up; to close; to hit (e.g. to have a car hit something or someone)
to make merry; to frolic; to be in high spirits
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
approval; agreement; support; favour; favor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
rule; regulation; settlement; conclusion; habit; custom
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?