indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
power; might; authority; influence
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
that day; the very same day
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
extermination (e.g. of pests, demons, bandits); elimination; making someone renounce worldly desires in order to concentrate on Buddha's teachings; curing illness
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
defeating in an instant; instant kill
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
go that far; to that extent
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
scenery; scene; landscape
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
until now; so far; up to the present
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong