indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
considerably; not a little; in no small numbers
pride; boast; credit (to)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
thanks; gratitude; appreciation; thankfulness
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
no matter what; whatever happens; in any situation; rain or shine
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to stay on (e.g. at one's friends house); to remain (in a place)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
two persons; two people; pair; couple
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed