indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pioneer; settler; colonist
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
disastrous flooding; kelpie; water demon that brings floods or disasters
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
Saturday; earth; dirt; land; lands; earth (third of the five elements)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
skill; dexterity; proficiency
user; consumer; master (e.g. of swordsmanship); prodigal; spendthrift
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
time; hour; period; class