indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
pioneer; settler; colonist
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
basics; fundamentals; basis; basically; fundamentally
disastrous flooding; kelpie; water demon that brings floods or disasters
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
iron (Fe); steel; iron (will, discipline, lady, etc.); railway; railway enthusiast
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
on and after; from ... onward; since
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
skill; expertise; experience; proficiency; mastery; dexterity
user; consumer; master (e.g. of swordsmanship); prodigal; spendthrift
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
level; standard; level (amount or quantity); level (plane); level (instrument); spirit level
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
aria; singing; chanting; reciting (e.g. a spell)
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; reinforcement
time; hour; period; class