indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
time; hour; period; class
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
people; men and women; each person; everybody
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...