as a child; when one was a child
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
late at night; at a late hour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
going to work; leaving for work; attendance (at work); being at work; presence (in the office); reporting for work
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to meet; to face someone; to co-star; to appear together; to be matched; to face against
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
when it becomes; when it comes to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
(in a) long time; long time (ago); while (ago); long ago; long while (ago); (in a) long while
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
levelling of ground (for construction); preparation of soil (for planting)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
back country; remote countryside
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
meaning; tenor; effect; influence; appearance; aspect
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?