indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fresh verdure; new green leaves
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wait for a long time; to wait and wait; to eagerly await
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
marriage ceremony; wedding; nuptials
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
each nation; many nations; many countries
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(Confucian) temple; church; sanctuary
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to assemble; to congregate
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
battlefield; battleground
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
wherein; therein; thereinto
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
looking depressed; long face
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)