a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
port city; harbor city; harbour city
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
newcomer; neophyte; novice; newbie
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
young child; toddler; child over 1 but not yet of school age
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
control; management (e.g. of a business)
sister (sibling); (Catholic) sister; sister (female partner in a homosexual relationship)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)