small quantity; little; little while; short distance
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; tall building
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
frontier (esp. the American frontier); frontier (of a field); forefront (of science, technology)
management; administration; operation
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
division; section; compartment; block; plot; lot
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dark; gloomy; overcast; heavy; leaden; dull
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
accurate; correct; precise; exact
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
life; vitality; verve; vigor; vigour; animation
something like ...; something called ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
bulky and heavy; massive; solid; dignified; imposing; composed
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)
to all appearances; no matter how you look at it
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with