antiquity; the previous era
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sultry; sweltering; stuffy; uncomfortably hot-looking (clothing, etc.); stuffy-looking
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
cooling facilities; air-conditioning facilities
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(being) fully equipped; (being) fully furnished; completeness
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
rather; better; instead; if anything
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
study; library; den; home office; reading room
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
steward; butler; court official; deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
coat; tunic; jacket; outer garment
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to pile up; to stack up; to accumulate
document; official papers
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants