early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
heat; hot air; enthusiasm; excitement; fever
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
royal castle; imperial castle
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
cooling facilities; air-conditioning facilities
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; apart from ...; setting ... aside
corridor; hallway; passageway
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to blaze down on; to beat down on; to shine down upon
because of; owing to; due to
coming and going; keeping in touch; visiting each other; street traffic; highway
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
temperature; body temperature (human, animal)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
answer respectively agreement or disagreement
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
rising; ascending; climbing
training range; training grounds; training area
to face; to go towards; to head towards
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
steward; butler; court official; deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
just a minute; small quantity
tedious; boring; being fed up with
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
training; drill; practice; discipline