indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
senior high school; high school
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
later; afterwards; future; after one's death; (arch.) descendant
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cartoonist; comic book artist; manga artist; manga author; mangaka
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to stay indoors; to be confined indoors
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
office worker; company employee; company man; salaryman (stereotypical Japanese office worker)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
older sister; elder sister
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
to give candid advice; to give harsh but honest advice; to admonish
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
terrific; staggering; tremendous; frightful; ghastly; horrific
to be blessed with; to be rich in; to abound in
environment; circumstance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
single word; a few words; brief comment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to press against; to push against; to force against; to foist on (task, responsibility); to impose (one's will)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to make do errands; to set to scutwork