country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
royal capital; imperial capital
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
one night; all night; overnight; one evening
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
name; given name; first name
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
suddenly; all of a sudden
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
(one's) master; Lord; the main thing; the majority
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to go uninvited; to call on without an invitation; to barge in on; to throng to; to crowd into; to converge upon
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
in one's own way or style
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all