to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
sensation; feeling; tendency; propensity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
in good taste; tasteful; (person) of refined taste; of cultivated tastes
furnishings; implements; equipment
to collect; to gather; to arrange; to put in order; to make uniform; to make even
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
formality; social rules; social status; social standing; (arch.) amendments and enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indescribable; inexpressible
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
being filled with; being full of; permeation
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
infant; baby; little child
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
don't you think?; indicates question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
corner; nook; shade; shadow; dark circles (under the eyes); dark rings
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
woman; female; feminine gender
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
to collect; to assemble; to gather
beautiful face; good looks; beauty
to be haggard; to be gaunt; to be emaciated; to be worn out (e.g. illness, worry)
to end; to be finished; to die; to perish; to do utterly; to do completely