indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
menu; schedule; program; (computer) menu
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; this way and that
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dressing; dressing; putting on clothes
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen