indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
royal capital; imperial capital
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
middle ten days of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school
system; organization; organisation; imperial command; laws; regulation
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryō system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
dignity; eminent; high ranking; high-order (digit, bit, etc.)
coming and going; going back and forth (between); commuting (to work, school, etc.); attending regularly; passbook; bankbook
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
this year; this fiscal year; this school year
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
Marcia; Marsha; Macha; Masha
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
(your) daughter; young woman; daughter of a good family
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)