Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
early (days); initial stage; initial
secret; private; surreptitious
another place; somewhere else; outside (one's family or group); someone else; not caring for; being indifferent to
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
companion; comrade; escort; member of a party; fellow traveller; fellow traveler
urgency; exigency; emergency
important matter; requirement; requisite; necessary condition
otherwise; or else; if not
recognition; acknowledgement; acknowledgment; approval; consent; agreement
interference; intervention; meddling
to be responsible for; to bear the responsibility of
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
system; institution; organization; organisation
suddenly; at once; considerably; very much; firmly; with an effort
right in front; just opposite; under the nose
about; concerning; related to; -ish
great man; great god; hero; big man
to comb down; to smooth down
hair style; coiffure; hairdo
heaps; a lot; plenty; with a thud
in turns; alternately; in order
with a whiff; with a puff; suddenly; abruptly; without warning
to soften; to moderate; to relieve
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
it's none of your business; it's not your concern
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
eyes; expression of the eyes; area around the eyes; skin round one's eyes
forcefulness of speech; influential voice
surely; certainly; no doubt; indeed
entering a room; studying under a Buddhist teacher
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
to get in; to go in; to come in; to flow into; to set; to set in
to invite in; to show someone in
roundabout (e.g. expression); indirect (reference, criticism, etc.); oblique
advice (to a superior); counsel; proposal; suggestion; recommendation
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue