indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
samsara; cycle of death and rebirth; being reborn; reincarnation
while; during; while; although; all; both
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to float; to set afloat; to show on one's face (smile, sadness, etc.); to recall; to call to mind
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
temple; sacred place; shrine; sanctuary; tabernacle
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor