indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fortress; stronghold; citadel
town; city; municipal; urban
southern part; the south (of a region)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
within the country; inside the county; domestic; home; internal
the nth ...; divisions of a kabuki performance
scale; scope; plan; structure
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
surroundings; environs; circumference
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
dungeon; dungeon (in an RPG or video game); (underground) labyrinth
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to gather; to collect; to assemble
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
to face; to go towards; to head towards
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
western part; the west (of a region); the West (United States)
place; position; location; position; standing; status
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
written request; request for ...; application for ...
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.); coverage
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
cave; cavern; den; grotto
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll