indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
fort; stronghold; fortification
fall; sinking; surrender; capitulation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
severe earthquake; violent tremor
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
the south; southward; southern direction; countries in the south (esp. Southeast Asia and the pre-WWII South Pacific Mandate)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take back; to recapture
magnification; enlargement; expansion; amplification
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stagnation; tie-up; standstill; congestion; delay; accumulation
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
imperial government; imperialism; monarchical rule
arbitrariness; despotism; high-handedness; tyranny
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
blunder; slip; error; error
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
western direction; Western Pure Land (Amitabha's Buddhist paradise); western fighter in a match (e.g. sumo)
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
Bloomberg; Bloomberg L.P.
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
outbreak (e.g. of war); outburst; sudden occurrence
lineage; pedigree; good family
clique; group; (political) faction; wing; school; sect
leader (of an alliance); leading power