indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(made of) stone; stone-built
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
wherein; therein; thereinto
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
second; secondary; quadratic (function, equation, etc.); second-order
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
dainty; delicate; slender; fragile (e.g. furniture); delicate; frail
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
being lost for words; becoming speechless; jueju (Chinese quatrain with lines of either five or seven syllables)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
artificial object; man-made object; artifact; artefact
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to feel; to sense; to experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
more than anything; above all else
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)