continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
singularity; singular point
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
cave-in; collapse; sinking; depression (e.g. of the skull); subsidence
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
soil; breeding ground; fertile ground (for); foundation (for the development of ...)
protuberance; bulge; protrusion; rise; uplift; upheaval
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
form; shape; figure; visage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
large hole; big deficit; heavy losses; long-shot win (in horse racing, etc.); big winnings (on a long shot)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
to imitate; to copy; to mock; to trace; to forge
ferocious; brutal; atrocious; savage; barbarous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more