substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
how; in what way; how about
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
concrete; definite; specific; material; substantial
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
probability; likelihood; chances
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
such; like that; that sort of; very
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
beforehand; in advance; previously
laying the groundwork; behind-the-scenes maneuvering; consensus-building process; digging around the roots of a tree (before transplanting)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with
sweetly (smiling); broadly (grinning)
of good character; kindhearted; good-natured
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
fixed; settled; constant; definite; uniform; regularized
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
to stay on (e.g. at one's friends house); to remain in the same neighborhood
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
stairs; stairs at the front of a noh stage
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to stretch larger; to enlarge (photos); to delay (e.g. the end of a meeting)
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
optional; voluntary; arbitrary; arbitrary
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of