Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to (call and) stop; to call (someone) to stop; to hail (e.g. a taxi)
to stop (in one's tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
trot; half run; jog; girl in charge of menial tasks in a samurai family
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be surprised; to be astonished
lying down and getting up; waking; getting up; living (with); staying (with)
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
to blow off; to be blown off
cyclo (Southeast Asian pedicab)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to recall; to remember; to recollect
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)