before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
submersion; inundation; being flooded
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to quiet; to calm down; to compose oneself; to settle down
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
existence; possession; having; limited company
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
bawdy song; lewd song; obscene song
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
senior high school student
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over