indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to feel; to sense; to experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
myself; yourself; I; me; you
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
antiquity; the previous era
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)