continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; situation; position; location
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good quality; fine quality; superior quality; high quality
to be collected; to be gathered (e.g. mushrooms, etc.); to be harvested; to be able to collect; to be able to mine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
chief; main; principal; important
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
shore; bank (of a body of water)
royal capital; imperial capital
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
wooden building; wooden architecture
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
townscape; street (of stores and houses); (look of) stores and houses on street
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
place of scenic beauty; picturesque place; beauty spot
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to win fame; to be widely-known; to be well known; to make a name for oneself
increase; rise; growth; addition; increment
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold