one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
corridor; hallway; passageway
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even though; despite; when
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adept
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
flowers; beautiful; spectacular
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live; to reside; to inhabit
royal capital; imperial capital
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
honorific/polite/humble prefix
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
royal castle; imperial castle
alone; by oneself; on one's own