indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
I see; that's right; indeed
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
once and for all; completely; spotlessly
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
stronghold; citadel; headquarters
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
complete devotion; body and soul; one's best
to load (a gun, etc.); to charge; to put into (e.g. emotion, effort); to include (e.g. tax in a sales price); to hang over; to shroud
to bow; to bow one's head; to apologize; to apologise; to bow to; to yield to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?