indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
deepest part; deepest portion; depths (of the ocean etc.); innermost
to live; to reside; to inhabit
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
to face; to go towards; to head towards
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to pass (by) each other; to brush past; to miss (meeting) each other; to fail to meet; to be at odds; to clash
unmarried woman; Miss; -ess; -ette
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tearing up and discarding (e.g. documents); destruction; annulment; cancellation; reversal (of an original ruling on appeal); quashing
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
order of chivalry; chivalric order
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
many; much; plenty; hardly
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...