if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
strife; riot; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; around; about; round about
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (of time); to elapse
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
to entangle; to entwine; to pick a quarrel; to find fault; to be involved with; to be influenced by
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
with all due respect; I'm sorry, but ...; I'm afraid ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so