indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
should; must; -able; probably; likely
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
pride; boast; credit (to)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
household economy; family finances
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
finding employment; getting a job
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
association; union; guild
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
if so; in that case; in that situation
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
rather; better; instead; if anything
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
future (usually near); prospects