indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
while; during; while; although; all; both
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
floating; drifting; suspension; (arch.) wandering (about)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
demon; devil; -crazed person; -obsessed person; dreaded; terrible
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
distance; journey; itinerary; path (e.g. to one's goal); way; process
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
three; three years of age
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go down and stand; to alight; to get down
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
canteen; flask; water bottle; thermos
to take out; to produce; to pick out; to fetch; to retrieve
water (esp. cool or cold); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to hold in one's mouth (without biting, before chewing or swallowing, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?