indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
while; during; while; although; all; both
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
floating; drifting; suspension; (arch.) wandering (about)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
distance; journey; itinerary; path (e.g. to one's goal); way; process
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
three; three years of age
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go down and stand; to alight; to get down
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
canteen; flask; water bottle; thermos
to take out; to produce; to pick out; to fetch; to retrieve
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to hold in one's mouth (without biting, before chewing or swallowing, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?