indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from the viewpoint of; according to
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
fleeting; transient; short-lived; empty (dream, etc.); mere (hope); faint (possibility)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
the (four) limbs; arms and legs
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go against; to fight against; to oppose; to resist; to deny
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
unreliable; undependable; helpless; forlorn; worried; uneasy
to press down; to hold down; to pin down; to suppress (feelings, disorder, opposition, etc.); to repress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to hang one's head; to look down; to cast one's eyes downward
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to put on; to wear; to be clad in; to twine around; to twist around; to coil around
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
carving; engraving; sculpture
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
dainty; delicate (e.g. fingers); fine; sensitive; delicate (feelings, sense, etc.); subtle
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to excel; to surpass; to exceed; to outweigh; to preponderate
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
fascinating; voluptuous; bewitching; captivating
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
to prepare oneself (for the worst); to resolve oneself
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
inflammatory; lascivious; sensational
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
arm; skill; efforts; ability
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.