childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
neighbourhood; neighborhood
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
object of romantic interest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
as a child; when one was a child
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
together; at the same time; same; identical
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert
now; the present time; just now; another; more
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)