indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
private property; personal belongings; personal effects
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
both hands; both arms; ten
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
lack of expression; blank look (on one's face)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to leave; to depart; to take one's leave
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
occupation (e.g. of territory); exclusive possession
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
ago; since; before; previous
than; from; out of; except; but; more
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
unable to stay (on); unable to endure being somewhere a second longer; feel like running away
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
affirmation; affirmative (logic)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
to revel in trouble and discord; to be bent on making trouble; to like starting fights