at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shopping; purchased goods
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
how; in what way; how about
don't you think?; indicates question
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
while; during; while; although; all; both
to become hungry; to get an empty stomach
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
to stroke; to caress; to brush gently; to comb (hair); to smooth down
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
if you think about it; come to think of it
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
had better ...; had better not ...
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eyes sparkling; with shining eyes; for one's eyes to gleam