at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
best; extra-fine; exceptionally; extraordinarily; jumping and slashing (e.g. at an enemy)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
marriage proposal; marriage talks
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too much; excessively; too
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
difference in temperature; difference in degrees of enthusiasm, interest, commitment, etc.
real feeling; actual feeling; to actually feel; to have a real feeling (that ...); to experience personally
troubled face; worried expression
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
pure; true; genuine; unmixed
virtuous mind; good intentions; good will; positive mindset; bona fides; good faith
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(referring to a person) receiver; receiving side; viewer; listener
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit