at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
every place; various places
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
revival; reconstruction; restoration; rebuilding; recovery; renaissance
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
calamity; disaster; accident
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
1,000,000; one million; million; many
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
interest (on a loan, deposit, etc.)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
repayment; reimbursement; refund; redemption
society; public; community; social studies
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
prices of commodities; prices (in general); cost-of-living
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to jump up; to spring up; to jump (market, price, etc.); to rise sharply; to act rashly; to jump the gun
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
considerably; greatly; a lot
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
inside the breast of one's clothing (esp. kimono); bosom; space between one's chest and outstretched arms; (one's) reach; heart (e.g. of a mountain); bosom (e.g. of nature)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; the present time; just now; another; more
home area; home town; local
Nagano (city, prefecture)
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)