time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fleet (fishing, naval, etc.); convoy; group of ships
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
spring water; clear (pure) water
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
base (military, expedition, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
suddenly; all of a sudden
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)