time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fleet (fishing, naval, etc.); convoy; group of ships
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
spring water; clear (pure) water
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
base (military, expedition, etc.); enthusiast; maniac; fanatic
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
suddenly; all of a sudden; unexpectedly
appearance; emergence; advent; arrival; showing up; coming to existence
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryō system)