above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
overhead; above one's head; high in the sky
to look up (at); to look up to; to respect; to ask for (e.g. guidance); to seek; to depend on
to catch sight of; to come into view; to happen to see
innumerable; countless; numberless
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chip; to be chipped; to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to be lacking (in); to be short (of)
to stretch (unbend) oneself
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to gaze at; to fix one's eyes upon
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
so; like this; in this way
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
changing (one's job, loyalties, stance, etc.); switching over; changing quarters (geisha, prostitute, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
dainty; delicate (e.g. fingers); fine; sensitive; delicate (feelings, sense, etc.); subtle
really (seem, appear, etc.); truly; evidently; in that way
sensitivity; susceptibility
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
had better ...; had better not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
silence (not speaking); muteness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to glare at; to scowl at; to stare intensely at; to examine carefully; to estimate; to guess
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...