indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
self-indulgent; undisciplined; slovenly; debauched; negligent
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
late at night; at a late hour
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
in that way; thus; so; so?
all day long; all the day; throughout the day
to stay indoors; to be confined indoors
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear