head; chief; top student; head of the class; top seat; first desk (in orchestra)
Richard; Richards; Richart; Ritchard
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to death (bored, scared, etc.); to distraction; like crazy; like mad; so much; dying (e.g. for a drink)
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to throw out one's chest; to be puffed up with pride
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
someone who studies very hard (at school); grind; swot; studying hard; cramming; swotting
poor person; pauper; the poor; the indigent
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be told or made to hear something so often that you (metaphorically) get calluses on your ears
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of