but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
royal capital; imperial capital
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
street vendor; stallholder; stallkeeper
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
steady; honest; sober; straightforward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
failure; mistake; blunder
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
cheap article; poor quality article
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
although I say; although one might say; although called
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
plating (chrome, gold, silver, etc.); coating; gilding; pretense; pretence; simulation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to provide; to arrange; to install
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
to polish; to shine; to brush (e.g. teeth); to refine (e.g. a skill); to improve; to cultivate
gem; jewel; precious stone